The 25th Infantry Bicycle Corps, an innovative and experimental unit of the United States Army, embarked on a remarkable long-distance ride from Missoula, Montana, to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1897. On this date, they completed the journey when they arrived in the Gateway City. This journey, covering approximately 1,900 miles, was a significant chapter in military history and the development of bicycle technology.
The idea for the Bicycle Corps was conceived by Lieutenant James A. Moss, a forward-thinking officer who saw the potential of bicycles as a means of transportation for troops. At the time, bicycles were gaining popularity in civilian life, and Moss believed they could offer a cost-effective and efficient alternative to horses for moving soldiers and equipment. The 25th Infantry, an all-black regiment also known as the Buffalo Soldiers, was chosen for this experiment. The unit had already been using bicycles as part of their training and recreational exercises for several years.
The journey began on June 14, 1897, when the Corps departed from Fort Missoula. The unit consisted of Lieutenant Moss, a surgeon, and 20 enlisted men, all equipped with specially designed military bicycles. These bicycles, manufactured by the Spalding Bicycle Company, were robust and designed to carry heavy loads, including the soldiers’ gear and supplies. The route was challenging, taking the Corps through rough terrain, mountain passes, and across rivers. They faced numerous obstacles, including inclement weather, mechanical failures, and difficult road conditions.
Despite these challenges, the 25th Infantry Bicycle Corps persevered, demonstrating remarkable endurance and resilience. They traveled an average of 56 miles per day, often pushing their bicycles up steep inclines and navigating through mud and sand. Along the way, they received support from local communities, who were both curious and impressed by the sight of soldiers on bicycles.
After 41 days on the road, the Corps arrived in St. Louis on July 24, 1897. Their successful journey garnered significant attention and praise from the public and military officials. It showcased the potential of bicycles for military use and highlighted the capabilities and determination of the Buffalo Soldiers. The expedition, however, did not lead to the widespread adoption of bicycles in the military, as the advent of motorized vehicles soon overshadowed this mode of transportation.
The 25th Infantry Bicycle Corps’ ride remains a remarkable and inspiring story of innovation, endurance, and the pioneering spirit of the Buffalo Soldiers. Their journey is remembered as a testament to the human spirit and the potential of new technology in transforming traditional practices.
